Leaves of Eve, the Online Nature Journal of Debi Cates-Bleam

Race Field Week 01 - summary

2010-02-08T21:32:00.013-06:00

Time has rolled around and is February once again. The leaves that continue to hang on fourwing saltbush have turned dull, the curly grass is getting torn and gray, the birds and critters have eaten every last berry and seed. Even the bright, sunny sky that we are lucky to have so frequently seems part of the conspiracy to wash out all color, all signs of vibrancy.

But it's February in West Texas, and that's the way it is.

In fact, certain things are more easily seen in this drab time of year. Yesterday, Race Field revealed things I had not noticed before, and drove home the point how tough things can be for the natural residents there. Although life and death goes on year round, in February for desert denizens, death is especially noticeable.

The next eight photos and text are my documentation of the inaugural visit to Race Field as my newly adopted child. There were signs of life, but there were a number of signs of death. All is as it should be.

As always, you can click to see any image larger, and for your convenience, this is a link to the posts of just this week's visit.

Race Field Week 01 - milipede "bones"

2010-02-08T21:15:00.010-06:00

Okay, so insects don't have bones, actually. By they do have exoskeletons -- skeletons on the outside. In the case of this expired milipede, that fact is very apparent.

Milipedes are a common out here. I don't believe they bite, which would make them among the few things that don't bite, sting, or poke humans around here. That fact alone makes me like them.

Millipedes have an interesting relationship with Aphanogaster ants. The millipedes live with the ants. I believe Burr Williams said the millipedes eat the decaying food down in the ant nest. In return for this easy dining, the millipede will help protect the ants with its defense by emitting a foul smell. Burr has also seen millipedes accompanying an Aphanogaster ant nest relocation, done usually at night, by the light of a full moon. No, really.

UPDATE: I had the story a bit wrong, so I asked Burr to tell it to me again. In his words:

we have a small species of army ant that only moves its nest site in the dark of the moon. blind snakes travel with them, for the tiny snakes eat their diseased eggs and pupa. when the army ants find the aphanogaster ants hole, they go inside, the aphanogaster ants leave the hole, the millipedes release liquid from their spiracles (holes on their sides) which contains a tiny bit of cyanide, which makes the army ants leave. after the gas clears, the aphanogaster ants go back inside

What a sight that must be!

And another correction, from FBer Chris Cherry: As a kid, his brother took some millipedes home in his pockets and had welts to prove it. Perhaps from the stuff they excrete? Ah, alas, yet another desert defense mechanism to be wary of.

Outside Links:

Search results for millepede on the Sibley Nature Center site.

Race Field Week 01 - goat bones

2010-02-08T20:57:00.007-06:00

Here's evidence of knuckleheads who think West Odessa fields, and West Odessa in general, is a great place to dump.

At least animal carcasses are biodegradable. And when the dry desert and hot sun get done with them, they are quite beautiful even.

But not all trash is organic or remotely beautiful. Some of it is quite toxic. Even "just" household trash can contain some serious toxic waste.

Sometimes, I think of painting a series of signs, like the old Burma shaving cream signs:
"Keep"
"driving"
"until you"
"get to the"
"community"
"waste"
"facility!"

Sometimes, I think about adding "*sshole!" to that.

I'd join any crusade, any group, any legislation to prevent this sort of dangerous behavior.

Race Field Week 01 - my marking system

2010-02-08T20:48:00.007-06:00

Here's a two-for-one photo. I took it to illustrate one of the plants I'll be watching for blooming so I can identify it. The red is 100% wool, so biodegradable. Unfortunately, I doubt the dye is all-natural. Maybe something I'll teach myself how to do one day. In any case, I'll remove them once the year is up.

You can also see a track to the right. Tracks were everywhere on this visit to Race Field. We had a few days of rain last week and tracks were still dark, wetter than the surrounding dirt. So many tracks — coyotes or dogs, pack rats, something with a cloven hoof, and more — criss-crossed the desert floor, so much so that it gave me a real sense of how busy it is when I'm not around.

Maybe some day I'll get good at track identification.

Race Field Week 01 - mantis egg case

2010-02-08T20:39:00.003-06:00

I wish I had marked the location of this mantis egg case with a piece of wool so I would be sure to find it again! I'd love to watch it hatch in the spring. Baby mantises look like mini-me's of adults.

Better yet, maybe next time I see one, I'll bring it home with me, put it in a jar, and when the babies hatch, my grandchildren and I can release them into my garden.

After taking photos, of course.

Race Field Week 01 - nibbled ephedra

2010-02-08T20:33:00.005-06:00

With all the good stuff gone, like berries and seeds, the critters begin nibbling the less favored morsels for sustenance. Here is some ephedra that has been used to get some one by, perhaps a pack rat since there was a midden near by. I'm guessing if the rodent was annoyed by sinus trouble, it is no longer.

So far, I've noticed only mesquite bark and ephedra stems used in this way. I'll be keeping note of others as the cruel month of February drags on.

Race Field Week 01 - pack rat midden

2010-02-08T20:29:00.002-06:00

This isn't just any old pile of bones. These are bones used by a packrat to build his "midden," or nest. This particular midden is at the beginning of my traditional entrance to Race Field. The arrangement changes, but this rodent distinctly favors bones. It could be an artistic preference, but more likely it's a matter of convenience. Lots of SOBs dump their trash and dead animals along this road. This pack rat is just using what is plentiful for him or her.

Still, I'd like to think it is partly an artistic preference, a Georgia O'Keefe pack rat if you will.

Race Field Week 01 - impaled bird head

2010-02-08T19:27:00.015-06:00

Ew. Gross, right? Imagine my surprise when I shooed away my dog Ansel to see what he was licking.

It's not everyday you see a bird's head impaled like this. In fact, I've only seen it once before and then it was a grasshopper, not a bird, that had met this gruesome fate. Like this bird, only the grasshopper's poor head remained.

I don't know for a fact this is what happened, but shrikes impale their prey similar to this. And until I did some research, I didn't know they ate/impaled other birds, so it's quite possible. I'm counting it still as somewhat of a mystery, though, because I've never seen a shrike. They look similar to a mockingbird, so perhaps I've overlooked them. I'll have to keep an eye out in the upcoming year, especially with this bit of evidence in mind.

If this is the handiwork of a shrike, I have some questions. Do shrikes typically leave the head to be eaten last, or not at all? And why would a shrike use a four-winged salt bush instead of a mesquite, lotebush, or a javelina bush, all plentiful, all having sharp thorns?

It does make for a sad photo. But, in that way of thinking, no sadder than a picture of a bucket of fried chicken.

Outside Links:

Here is an interesting video on Youtube of a shrike capturing a mouse and impaling it, from Israel.
According to WhatBird.com, loggerhead shrikes can be found here year round. Both WhatBird and AllAboutBirds.org include audio also. I need to listen a few more times to commit its calls to memory.
This article by Ro Wauer on The Nature Writers of Texas blog (now defunct?) is where I learned that shrikes count birds, including larger birds like mockingbirds and jays, as possible prey.

Race Field Week 01 - mushroom

2010-02-08T15:49:00.012-06:00

{UPDATE: A preliminary identification via Burr Williams and the FB crowd is: Podaxis pistillaris.}

The last couple of times I've got out to Race Field, I've found this mushroom. It is about 4-5 inches tall, very dry to the touch. I was able to easily disassemble it by just slipping off the cap. The spores inside were as fine as soot, and darkly colored like soot too. The inner stem was stiff, woody, surrounded by a furry-feeling structure.

What kind of mushroom is it, I wonder? (Click on any photo to see larger.)

Photos above were taken on 02-07-2010

These photos were taken on 01-14-2010. The middle photo is after I opened the mushroom on the left and tapped it to release the spores.

Old Indian Trick

2010-01-21T06:29:00.002-06:00

Old Indian Trick
or How Long Until Sunset?

That's what my mother told me when I was a kid, that this was "an old Indian trick." It's probably not strictly Native American in origin and is no trick. It's a nice guide, though. Putting your hand on the horizon, each finger between the sun and the horizon is roughly 15 minutes until the sun sets. I use it when I'm out on my hikes, deciding how far I want to continue to venture away from my vehicle. I don't want to stumble back in the dark.

Four-wing Saltbush & Irregular Wax Scale

2010-01-18T10:12:00.009-06:00

Four-wing Saltbush, Atriplex canescens
on the left with a new and on the right an old infestation
of Irregular Wax Scale, Ceroplastes irregularis
(On the left, my dog in the background, Caninous DixieBellious v. Cates)

I've wondered about this orange stuff — now I know it's scale — for some time. So far, I've only noticed it on four-wing saltbush where sometimes it almost completely covers its host. I've also noticed that infestations are not sporadic, but rather grouped together, attacking most of the saltbush in a particular area.

There are about 8,000 varieties of scale, a kind of insect that usually is parasitic, sucking sap from its plant host. It is the female that we see, immobile, covered here in her waxy protection. The male has wings and can fly, but is typically short-lived, sometimes not even feeding in its lifetime. Generally scales are considered a pest because at some point their infestation will damage branches, or even kill their host.

Not always entirely a pest, though. The most well-known scale is probably cochineal that grows on prickly pear, and long before the infamous Red #5, was a valuable source of a much-coveted red dye.

While not as famous as its cousin, the irregular wax scale also was used ingeniously by Native Americans. The wax from the insect's outer covering was used to waterproof baskets, as a mastic on tool handles and bows, and even as chewing gum.

Out in the field one day, I decided to see for myself what was under that bumpy, cream-colored crust. I picked off a single insect. The waxy outer crust surprisingly came off with little effort, but it was difficult not to damage the inner creature, who exuded some reddish fluid under the pressure. It was apparent she was very definitely living, at least up until I plucked her from her food source. At another time, I had tried to see what was up with this crusty stuff, but then I must have worked with an older, dying infestation; the crust then was crumbly (I described it as "like granola") whereas the wax from this specimen was firm, but soft.

Not the prettiest insect I've ever seen. Still, I'd like to take some home to look at closer with a good light and magnifying glass. And I'd like to experiment with the wax as basket waterproofing since I've been making some yucca baskets. I confess that after seeing the scale insect inside, I doubt I will ever experiment with it as chewing gum!

Links (Four-wing Saltbush):
Dave's Garden gardeners discuss the Four-wing Saltbus h. It is native to Texas, evergreen, and all parts of the plant are edible. They say the leaves taste salty. I found it most interesting that its burnt leaves can be used as a leavening agent! Some more experiments for another day.
A general article about the FWSB found on the DesertUSA site.
FWSB is used as food and shelter by a large number of animals, per this Suite 101 article.
Links (Scale insects):
General article about scale insects on Wikipedia.
A short article with photos of irregular wax scale and ortheziid mealybug from The Colorado State Extension Agency.
An incredible number of photos (more than 5800!) of scale from the ForestryImages.org site, a joint project of of The Bugwood Network and USDA Forest Service, the University of Georgia - Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Dept. of Entomology.
Can't get enough of scale insects? You just might need this 1993 book by Yair Ben-Dov, A Systematic Catalogue of the Soft Scale Insects of the Worldhe Scale Insects. At over 500 pages and $200, it's probably only for the very serious. However, it's available with a limited preview on Google books.
On the other hand, you can download all 19 pages in pdf of The Chemistry, Archaeology, and Ethnography of a Native American Insect Resin from University of California's eScholarship. Or this interesting 9 page pdf article about extracting lac (shellac) Notes on Creosote Lac Scale Insect Resin as a Mastic and Sealant in the Southwestern Great Basin by Mark Q. Sutton.

Old Man's Beard

2009-12-17T10:55:00.049-06:00

Clematis drummondi ((KLEM-uh-tiss drum-AWN-dee-eye)
common names are Old Man's Beard and Virgin's Bower
Photographed 2009-12-14 in West Odessa, Texas

I'm in love with this American native perennial, so very common in West Texas. But my affections took a while to develop.

I went many years without paying it any attention. The first time I recall seeing it, and wondering about it, was during autumn when it covers fences in a feathery but dull beige sort of way. I still had not begun to admire it. Not until becoming a digital photography enthusiast and not until taking photos of seed heads up close did I begin to count it among my plant favorites. Now, even when I see it from afar, climbing and cascading weedily, I feel the stab of knowing its immense beauty.

Most recently I've expanded to admiring its stems. They remind me of a starfish. That unusual intersecting design makes it a bit difficult to tease out a single stem to use, for example, in a fall native flower arrangement. Speaking from experience, that sort of jostling has the pitfall of dislodging many loose feathery seeds diminishing the desired effect. My advice for the would-be florist? Bring scissors.

A sampling of image links (all from my photo blog):
Four more macro shots of the feathery seed heads I took recently.
In October I brought some stems inside for a simple arrangement.
September's seed heads fresh and green still.
The diminutive but beautiful flower, taken in July 2007.

Sing, baby, Sing

2009-03-05T11:44:00.004-06:00

Cactus wren in budding fruitless mulberry
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, Morus alba Striblingii

Sitting at my computer this morning, my attention was diverted to somewhere outside by the undeniable call of a cactus wren. I grabbed my camera and in my stealthiest mode went searching. Turns out little did I need to be so secretive; this guy was high in the big mulberry out front and was serious about his need for a mate. His head would contort while he sounded his chucking call, then he'd look to his right, to his left, "any takers?" A few more looks around, and then again he'd sing out. I'm hopeful for him. Surely if he can attract the attention of a hard-working computer programmer, he can attract the attention of a like-minded female of his own species.

Symmetry

2009-02-26T07:22:00.002-06:00

Time only for a short post this morning. But time enough to share some symmetry in one of my favorite plants, the creosote bush. It has stripes!

Saltbush scale

2009-02-25T11:33:00.000-06:00

...
Click to view larger

Here's something new I've noticed out on my West Odessa treks, this crusty growth. So far I've only seen it on fourwing saltbushes (Atriplex canescens) and so far only on young ones. That is to say, on salt bushes that have grown to be a few twigs only.

It doesn't come off the twig easily, but twig and all I crumbled some in my fingers. It felt and looked like crunchy granola. In this picture I didn't capture well the rust-red liquid that also was released. It didn't stain my fingers and wasn't sticky.

I didn't see anything identifiable in the mass, like insects or larva, but I could have missed it, or smashed it. I smelled it, but didn't notice anything remarkable. (And Lord knows, I certainly didn't taste it!)

This stuff -- whatever it is -- raises a lot of questions for me. It appears to be parasitic, is it? Is it a fungus? Or could it be the work of some sort of insect? Will it kill the saltbush? Does it only grow on the saltbush? Is there some reason it only seems to attach to the young bushes, or is that coinicidence? And heck, I might as well ask -- is it edible? Perhaps not to humans but to other critters? And my biggest question, what is that blood-like stuff in it?!

An inquiry to Mr. Burr Williams at the Sibley Nature Center is in order.

UPDATE: Burr has identified it as insect scale. He's seen it and yes, it does attack specifically the saltbush and can kill it. We still don't know what kind of species of scale it is (there's only what, a billion species of insects on the planet?) but I'll keep an eye out for its name.

Ode to February

2009-02-16T23:36:00.000-06:00

...
Allthorn
Koeberlinia spinosa (ko-ber-LIN-ee-a spy-NO-suh)
Click to see larger

It is the month of February that seems ironically longest, and cruelest in west Texas, not T.S. Eliot's April. My dogs and I, though, are ambivalent.

Each afternoon at 4:30, we've been romping around the most westerly edge of West Odessa. It's a short drive from home, under five miles. There the county roads are marked but not paved, not all wild fields are fenced, and the daily delusion exists of being a mere mile or two from the point that the sun touches the horizon at sunset.

The weather has been cool, not cold. I bring with me my jersey jacket but wear it with its arms tied around my waist. After a couple of hours, after the sun sets, I untie it, slip my arms in its sleeves in order to continue to browse just a half hour more in the ambient light. The dogs agree wholeheartedly with the gesture: Let's stay as long as we can. Although everything is at its barest and grayest this time of year, it does have some benefits.

For one, that makes something like the Allthorn above rather special. It is still green. All (green) thorns, just as the name says, but green is green especially in a sea of gray. This specimen is a nice one -- actually the only one we've found -- with it being about 7 feet tall. Its height is likely another reason it caught our attention. Okay, just my attention. The dogs were off sniffing something invisible to me while I took this photo. It could be said these are the clearest days for sightseeing, with nothing much else to distract. I'm keenly aware it is the safest time to walk, free from fear of snakes while they continue a while longer to hibernate. There is little to no annoyance from bugs who bite. And with the earth under our feet clear of wildflowers and growing things, the horse crippler cactus and lotebush spiny sprigs are easy to see, to avoid. I daresay it is a sparce, but carefree time.

Carefree at least for us well-fed visitors. I'm not so sure how the actual denizens -- of which we see very few -- are fairing during February, lean times. We also can clearly see (or smell) the white skulls and vertebrae littering the fields. Bones are also a favorite of pack rats to strew on and weave in their dens, a macabre sense of style. They also like to use a variety of scat which has been a puzzle to me; perhaps it masks their own scent from predators?

It's also an excellent time for bird-watching, or birding if you are the really serious type. Birds are easier seen in bare trees and they seem to me to be a little reluctant to move around too much, wasting precious energy. I respect that, and use the telephoto a lot.

We humans can count in mere weeks the time before the first green will appear. Then the dogs and I will be singing an ode to joy -- a joy of colors, activity, and many sensual assaults. Yet, while I keep an eagle-eye out for the first flush of spring color, I am experiencing something else also. I am aware even before it's gone that I will miss this winter, a kind of projected nostalgia. I will miss these particular walks with my dogs that, in coming months, will be something entirely different.

Sneezeweed

2008-10-20T13:04:00.002-05:00

Small head sneezeweed -- annual
Helenium microcephalum var. microcephalum
(hel-EE-nee-um my-kro-SEF-uh-lum)
Growing wild 25 miles east of Lamesa, Texas
June 2008

Found growing in a low spot that captured more rain water than the surrounding area. Along with the sneezeweed, quite a variety of other plants grew there: milkweed, ironweed, snake gourd, frogfruit and more. The butterflies were having a hayday that afternoon.

The sneezeweed was about two feet tall and on each plant a number of flowers sat atop the winged stems, slightly fanned out. Growing in a stand, they made a pretty show with colors from brown, red, gold, and pale green. I gathered seeds from dried plants, apparently last year's growth, so I'm guessing they are good self-sowers.

Although this is called sneezeweed, I didn't have any reaction to it. However, this is a deadly plant if ingested by livestock.

Links:
Listed on the Texas Toxic Plant site, it reports that it is found throughout Texas, mostly in the western portion but excluded from the Piney Woods. Interestingly enough they also list burning as a way of controlling it and the place where we found this was coming back after a burn.

It is listed on the Texas A&M site as a Texas native, and again warns about the danger to livestock it poses. A good picture of its form can be found there.

Mr. Burr Williams

2008-09-13T10:56:00.005-05:00

Mr. Burr Williams
Executive Director
Sibley Nature Center
Midland, Texas

Today Donna and I had some errands to run and one of them was to stop by the Sibley Nature Center in Midland to drop off a special delivery.

We've met Mr. Williams in person once before when the Center hosted two programs, one by the Horned Lizard Conservation Society and another by the Chihuahuan Desert Research Institute on Desert Pollinators.

Today we caught him -- I wouldn't say not busy because he is indeed a busy and industrious man -- but today there were no special programs going on at the Center. That is to say, we had him to ourselves!

We had so many questions. And here's the man that has the answers we were seeking. And much more.

By the time we were done, we had become official members of the Sibley Center, got a DNA testing pack for horned lizards with instructions (the instructions are hoot, let me tell you), we got the heads up on dates for plant propagation sessions at the Sibley greenhouse this fall, and we are going to join the Master Naturalists for 2009. Our heads were spinning with excitement.

The thing that I love about Mr. Williams so much -- besides the twinkle in his eye and deep melodious voice; besides the great Center and its website that he has built up over the years to be educational and invaluable; besides the amazing walking encyclopedic resource his is -- is that he loves amateur naturalists. He said he enjoys most people that are enthusiastic and love nature. Hey, that's Donna and me.

He explained these days amateur scientists are more important than ever. There is so much to study, but the areas that get studied by professionals are things that either help or hurt man's interests. There's no money in other things, like horned lizards, for example. Our state reptile, aka the "horny toad" is precious to the ecosystem as well as to most Texans' pride, however it is not a threat or a direct contributor to man's (current) interests. So, it's the volunteers and enthusiasts that can fill in informational blanks on the benign and neglected.

His pep talk has given Donna and I a new sense about what we do. We now plan to take on the challenge to be more scientific in our outings. We'll begin taking notes on what we observe, where we see it, and likely publish it on the web for the curious seeker's reference.

Oh, and what was that special delivery we made to Mr. Williams? Well, Mr. Williams is the only person on the planet that I know that would have wanted -- nay, who asked for -- the dessicated weasel I found some months back in Howard County. (I also must thank my companions who allowed me to carry this, um, aromatic find with us, in the truck, 60 miles back home. They are saints.)

And now I know this weasel's skeleton, once cleaned and bleached, will educate many school children and those of any age who remain life-long learners. My scary, wrinkled find is in good hands.

Self-Education: The "forms" part I

2008-08-20T16:17:00.000-05:00

Forms from calflora.net "Botantical Terms" page.

Annular: in the form of a ring
Calathiform: basket- or cup-shaped
Concolor: of uniform color
Coroniform: crown-shaped
Cruciform: cross-shaped
Cyathiform: cup-shaped
Dimorphic: having two forms
Disciform: having a flowering head that contains both filiform and disk flowers, referring to members of the Asteraceae
Ensiform: sword-shaped, as applied to a leaf
Filiform: (1) threadlike; (2) a type of flower in the Asteraceae which is pistillate and has a very slender, tubular corolla
Funnelform: gradually widening upwards, as in the flowers of morning glory
Fusiform: spindle-shaped, thickest in the middle and drawn out at both ends
Heteromorphic: of one or more kind or form
Homomorphic: all of the same kind or form
Junciform: rush-like in appearance
Napiform: turnip-shaped
Nascent: in the process of being formed
Netted: same as reticulated, in the form or pattern of a network
Pyriform: pear-shaped
Reniform: kidney-shaped or rounded with a notch at the base
Rostrate: having a beak or beak-like form
Salverform: with a slender tube abruptly expanded into a rotate limb
Scalariform: ladder-like
Umbellulate: in the form of or having the appearance of an umbel
Uncinate: hooked near the apex or having the form of a hook
Zygomorphic: with inequality in the size or form of similar parts, specifically bilaterally symmetric and capable of being bisected into equal mirror-image halves along one plane only